11. The Passions

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Death in the soul has given rise to the passions. 

The passions are unnatural movements of the soul. We may understand them as impulses, like love, that were once natural, but have been terribly twisted into unnatural urges, like lust.

The passions may seem natural to us in our present condition. This is delusion.  Using a drug may seem natural to an addict, but it is dangerously unnatural.

The passions are like wild animals in the soul. In the heart, anger roars and lust preys. God created us to rule over the animals, but we cannot now live in harmony with animals. We do not even live in peace with the animals within.

When we allow the passions to guide us, we do not live according to our true spiritual nature. The passions lead us away from our potential as human beings. Through obedience to the passions, acting according to their urging, we behave like lower animals. Instead of following the stream of the divine Will that moves us toward growth in maturity and greater health, we instead allow ourselves to be controlled by animalistic instincts that carry us toward suffering, sickness, and a greater experience of death.

 

Text copyright © 2017 by Fr. Symeon D. S. Kees

10. Forgetfulness

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Chinese moon cakes filled with lotus-seed paste deliciously point us to an old story from Homer’s Odyssey. The hero, Odysseus, and his crew took their ship to land after several days of rough voyaging at sea. Odysseus sent a few men from the ship to meet the natives. The kind inhabitants treated their visitors well and gave them some lotus to eat. The crewmen found the lotus so delicious that they lost all desire to go back to the ship. They stopped caring about returning home. In their dreamy, blissful state, they forgot about everything else except remaining in that same place and eating lotus perpetually.

Odysseus sent a team to retrieve their shipmates from among the Lotus-eaters. Carried back to the ship and tied down, the wayward crewmen bitterly cried at their separation from the lotus. Odysseus ordered the rest of his men back on board quickly. They hurriedly pushed off into the sea to get away from the land of the dangerous, but pleasantly nice, Lotus-eaters.

The lotus in the Chinese mooncake and the lotus in the Greek epic may have nothing in common except a name, but the lotus (whatever kind) serves to remind us of another part of our experience of death – forgetfulness. We have forgotten God in our hearts.

When our ancestors lost the knowledge of God in their hearts, they kept only rational knowledge about God. Over time, this knowledge too slipped away. Within societies and cultures spread throughout the world, human beings developed philosophies, mythologies, religious rituals, and spiritual ideologies. In the place of Truth, they answered their questions about human existence, the seen universe, and the unseen the spiritual realm based on human reason, imagination, and their interaction with their environments. Men and women substituted the Creator’s revelation with their own opinions and mistook the deception of demons for spiritual enlightenment. Our forgetfulness of God has produced spiritual confusion in human history, but also in our own souls and the souls of those around us.

Since God made the human being according to His own Image, how can we know what it means to be true human beings if we have forgotten the true God? How can we become like God if we don’t know who the One is we are supposed to be like?  If we do not remember the true God, we also forget what it means to be human beings. We also forget how to relate to other human beings properly. This forgetfulness creates chaos in relationships, which are intended to nurture love and peace.

In Chinese mythology, Meng Po, the Lady of Forgetfulness, collects a variety of herbs on earth to make her Five-Flavored Tea of Forgetfulness. This Goddess of Amnesia provides her tea to those souls passing through Diyu, the realm of the dead, so that will not remember their previous lives when reincarnated, according to traditional belief. While amnesia forgetting the past, is an important concept in this myth, the practice of anamnesis, remembering or recollecting the past, proves central to a healthful spiritual life. 

A relatively similar Greek myth tells of a river called Lethe. This is the River of Oblivion, that is, the River of Forgetfulness. A river associated with sleep and death, those who drink from its waters forget their lives on earth. The Greek word for forgetfulness (lethe) is the opposite of the word for Truth (aleithia), which means no forgetfulness.

When we forget God, we forget the Truth. We forget the truth about our identity, our purpose, and our potential. If we do not remember, we fall into delusion and error.

 

Text copyright © 2017 by Fr. Symeon D. S. Kees

9. Mind and Heart Disconnected

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Since the heart is darkened, the rational mind no longer harmoniously aligns with the spiritual intellect of the heart. (Keep in mind that we do not use the word heart to mean emotion as it is often used in our culture.)

We have been created with the ability to reason, but since we have imperfect knowledge, spiritual illness, and disharmony in our relationship to God, we do not always use our reason rightly. In our condition of pride and delusion, we may use our reason to make arguments, sometimes long and complex, to justify our sin in our own minds and to convince other that we are right. The human being can justify terrible ideas and actions through logically consistent steps in reasoning that are based on dangerously false ideas.

However convincing our arguments may be, good-sounding rational arguments cannot really make evil actions good. Upon a foundation of basic assumptions, we can construct a series of strong opinions that together form the ideology by which we understand the world around us. If our foundational assumptions are false, the weak foundation renders the whole structure of our opinions unstable, not resting firmly on solid Truth.

Some basic assumptions about reality cannot be proved by reason alone, but are known to be true through revelation, that is, the spiritual knowledge revealed by the Uncreated One. We are sometimes too confident in our ability to determine what is true and good by using our own reason alone. We need the Light of spiritual insight to illumine the Way for the rational mind. Pride and delusion encourage overconfidence and cause us to complicate simple Truth.

 

Text copyright © 2017 by Fr. Symeon D. S. Kees

 

 

8. Pride and Delusion

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Because our hearts are darkened, pride (egotism) hardens the heart. We see ourselves and others with blurry vision, not clearly or soberly. We overestimate our own greatness and spiritual maturity while we undervalue others, judging them to be worse in comparison. Through pride, we can even deceive ourselves into thinking we are humble when we are far from it. Pride brings forth egotistical Self-love, which is opposed to true self-denying love aimed at benefiting the other. In our warped perspective, we confuse what is right and good with what is wrong and bad, yet we render ourselves deaf to correction. We refuse to listen to those who possess clearer vision, more perfect perception, greater knowledge, and wiser discernment.

Remember Narcissus from the old Greek myths. Peering into a perfectly clear pool, he found the most beautiful creature he had ever seen looking back at him from beneath the water. When he tried to kiss his beloved, touching his lips to the pool’s still surface, the one beneath disappeared, fleeing with the ripples at the disturbance of the water. This happened over and over, every time he tried. Narcissus stayed by the pool, gazing in, until he wasted away and died. He could not bear to leave such beauty. Unknowingly, Narcissus had fallen in love with his own reflection. His prideful delusion led to his destruction.

Similarly, we can be like Don Quixote, who, charging bravely on his horse, attacked a vicious giant, but the giant was really only a windmill. The windmill proved innocent, but because of his delusion, Don Quixote was a danger to the windmill and, more importantly, a danger to himself.

The more dark pride covers, seeps in, and hardens our hearts, the more we cut ourselves off from the nurturing streams of Divine Grace, the less clearly we see reality, and the farther we drift from the route that leads toward our potential and purpose.

 

Text copyright © 2017 by Fr. Symeon D. S. Kees

7. The Darkened Heart

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Associated with our physical heart is our spiritual heart. The heart is sometimes called the spirit. The heart is at the center of the human being. Therefore, the darkening of the heart is at the center of our sickness.

The heart is often called the spiritual intellect (which is different from the rational intellect). With our rational minds we can perform academic work, conduct scientific study, and develop philosophical concepts about God, human beings, and the universe, but with the heart we know God directly by experience.

I do not know my wife through academic study, objective observation, or rational reflection. If I did only know her in this manner, I would know information about my wife, but I would not really know her. Rather, I know my wife personally as my own wife. We know each other through the experience of being married together and raising our children together in our home. According to the Orthodox Way, a true theologian is not a scholar who has studied philosophical doctrines about God based on academic study, observation, and rational reflection, but a true theologian is one who knows God with the heart by experience through prayer.

The heart is the eye of the soul by which we see the spiritual reality. Because our hearts are darkened, we do not see (that is, we do not know by experience) the true God as we should. The blackness of our hearts prevents the healing, transformative Grace from penetrating into our souls. We do not love as we should. We are blind to the fullness of reality. We do not see ourselves honestly, nor do we see others as they truly are, fellow human beings made according to the image of God.

Again, since the heart is the center of the human being, the darkening of the heart is central to our illness.

 

Text copyright © 2017 by Fr. Symeon D. S. Kees